Thanks for all your error reports, I didn't forget it. I'll cleanup my guide soon. Thanks again!

Exercise 30. Lather, Rinse, Repeat: The Grand Rote Learning

Amount of information in this guide is pretty big. You cannot retain it without long enough practice and some hardcore grinding. So the only task left for you will be filling in this table, and imprinting this table in your memory every day until you know it.

You may want to ask why do you need to memorize all this stuff if you can always look it up. Well, the short answer will be because you can not. What this means is that to look up things efficiently you already need what to look for, and to know what to look for, you need a solid foundation. Once you have this foundation, once you understand what is important and what is not, and how the system is organized, you will be able to efficiently look things up.

You may wonder why in my guide there are many detailed tables containing lists of many fields which contain information which you will almost never need. What you must understand, though, is that you should train yourself to look any console program this way. You should approach to this information not like to a fiction book, where you may not pay attention do details and still understand it pretty well. You should approach all those data as mathematical formulas, where every single symbol has its meaning, and even more so, if you do not understand what particular symbol means, you will not be able to go further.

Sometimes it is perfectly okay to left something unexplained, but make yourself a present of going deeper, even if it will be every so often. Give yourself a present by making research about this particular utility, understand what it tells you and why. If you will do this, if you will look deep inside, your understanding of an Operating System (Linux in our case) will increase dramatically.

Documentation

man, info

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
man
info
man 1
man 2 
man 3
man 4
man 5
man 6
man 7
man 8
man 9
man -k
man -wK
bold text</code>
italic text</code>
[]
-a | -b
argument ...
[expression] ...

Google and useful resources

Search term/resource_______________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
(a|b) c
site:foo.bar
"a long query"
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://stackexchange.com/
http://www.cyberciti.biz/
http://tldp.org/
programname.site

Package management: Debian package management utility aptitude

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
aptitude
aptitude search
aptitude install
dpkg -l
dpkg -L
Desired action
Package status
http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages

System boot: runlevels, /etc/init.d, rcconf, update-rc.d

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
rcconf
update-rc.d
sysv-rc-conf
runlevel
runlevel 1
runlevel 2
runlevel 6

Processes: Working with proccesses, ps, kill

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
ps
kill
ps ax
ps axue
ps axue --forest
signal
HUP
TERM
KILL
Why KILL -9 is bad?

Job chedulers: cron, at

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
crontab -l
crontab -e
crontab -r
crontab /foo
crontab > foo
* * * * *
at
atq
atq
atrm
batch

Logging, /var/log, rsyslog, logger

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
logger
grep -irl
find . -mmin -5
tail -f
logrotate
logging daemon
log level daemon
log rotation

Filesystems

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
Filesystem
File
Directory
Inode
Block
Mounting
UUID
Journal
MBR
Partition
Partition table

Mounting, mount, /etc/fstab

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
parted
cfdisk
fdisk
mount
umount
mount -a
/etc/fstab
fsck
blkid
logging daemon
log rotation

Creating and modifying filesystems, mkfs, tune2fs

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
tune2fs
mkfs
Block size
Reserverd block count
Maximum mount count
Check interval

Changing root directory, chroot

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
chroot
ldd
Root directory
Chroot
Dynamic Dependency

Moving data arount: tar, dd

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
tar
dd
losetup

Security permissions, chown, chmod

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
chmod
chown
umask
Permission
Permission mode
Permission class
Umask mechanism

Networking

Network conecept __________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
OSI model
DOD model
Communications protocol
Ethernet
MAC address
Ethernet boradcast address
TCP/IP
IP
IP packet
IP address
IP subnet
Port
Network socket
Local socket address
Remote socket address
Socket pair
Routing
Default gateway
IP boadcast address
ICMP
TCP
TCP packet
UDP
UDP packet
Hostname

Interface configuration, ifconfig, netstat, iproute2, ss

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
/etc/network/interfaces
auto
allow-hotplug
/etc/hosts
/etc/hostname
localhost
loopback interface
Pseudo-interface

Configuration files, /etc/network/interfaces

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
/etc/network/interfaces
auto
allow-hotplug
/etc/hosts
/etc/hostname
localhost
loopback interface
Pseudo-interface

Packet filter configuration, iptables

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
iptables-save
iptables
modprobe
nc
tcpdump
LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL
Ethernet frame header
IPv4 header
TCP segment
netfilter
iptables
iptables tables
iptables chains
iptables target

Secure shell, ssh, sshd, scp

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
ssh
sshd
scp
ssh-keygen
Host keys
Auth keys
Data encryption ciphers
Data integrity algorithms
SSH session key

Performance: getting performance stats, uptime, free, top

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
uptime
free
vmstat
top
CPU usage (us,sy,id,wa)
Memory (swpd, free, buff, cache,
inact, active)
Slab allocation
Disk (IOPS, read, write)
Process (PR, NI, VIRT,
RES, SHR, Status)

Kernel: kernel messages, dmesg

Command or concept ________________________________ Meaning ______________________________________
dmseg
/var/log/dmesg
/var/log/messages
/var/log/syslog
/var/log/kern.log
Kernel message buffer

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